Human oversight of automated systems is older than AI, and current AI practice still falls short of it.
This paper traces human oversight and accountability from the cybernetics literature of 1948 to Article 14 of the EU AI Act, then separates Responsible AI from AI Governance. It sets out Checkpoint-Based Governance, where a named human holds binding authority to accept, modify, or reject an AI output and leaves a record, and it proposes the studies that would test it. It closes on the Growth OS, a future of work in which AI amplifies people instead of replacing them.
